DwikoritaKarnawati(1), Eric. G. Frost(2), T. Faisal Fathani(1), Subroto(1), Budi Andayani(3)
1) UniversitasGadjahMada, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta, Jl. Grafika no 2, 55281, Indonesia
2) San Diego State University, Geological Sciences and Visualization Center, San Diego, California, USA
3) UniversitasGadjahMada, Faculty of Psychology, Yogyakarta, Bulaksumur, 55281, Indonesia
Abstract: Smart Grid is a participatory cyber-based communication and information system, developed to support the communication-monitoring of landslide hazard and the coordination for landslide early warning, via participatory on-line web and/ or various type of social media. To test the effectivity ofthe Smart Grid performance, a pilot implementation of this system is now under preparation. A specific landslide hazard area in Karanganyar Regency will be selected as a pilot implementation site. Prior to and after the trial implementation of this system, a psycho-social survey will be carried out, in order to evaluate the limitations of such system and community response during the trial.
Keywords participatory, monitoring, early warning
Problem background
More than 40 % of the Indonesian region is vulnerable for landslide disasters, due to the natural conditions and high population density. Unfortunately, problems to provide an appropriate land-use management and to facilitate the relocation of human settlements inevitably arise because of various socioeconomical constrains. Accordingly, the development of landslide early warning system is urgently required to reduce the risk of landslide. Nevertheless, numbers of landslide early warning instruments which can be installed will be very limited due to the economical limitation, regardless the existence of large area of landslide risk zone. Therefore, an appropriate system to facilitate landslide monitoring and early warning which is capable to cover quite large region vulnerable for landslide is needed.
In order to solve the problems above, a smart grid, which is designed as a cyber-based landslide hazard monitoring and early warning system, is accordingly developed. By utilizing a smart grid system, any individual of the community member living in the landslide prone area can have a direct access to the hazard communication, monitoring and early warning system, via any communication media such as mobile phone, Twitter, Facebook or online website.
Conceptual design of Smart Grid
The smart grid is designed as a system of handling networks of information nodes through the ‘online’ web or cyber system, with the specific functions to facilitate the participatory data reporting via the online web, mobile phone, or other various social media, and also to store and analyze those participatory input-reports (related to the geological/ geotechnical conditions and process, which considered as the symptoms or early indications of landslides), for defining the landslide hazard and risk level in any particular site. Results of the analyses are required to provide the emergency-decision supports, which relate to the information of the zone and level of landslide hazard/ risk, evacuation route and shelter, as well as the recommendation of method or approach for mitigation, preparedness and emergency actions.
All of the information about hazard/risk and the guidance for response will be blasted/ transmitted back to the respective-reporting node as well as to the other relevant registered nodes. This participatory system can also be connected to various types of social media (mobile phone call/text, Twitter, Facebook, Google+, Yahoo, etc.)
It is also important that the multi-two way directions facilitates the communication flow in this participatory smart grid system. Such system can also be linked to the existing community-based landslide early warning system developed in parallel with this system. It is also important that the multi-two way directions facilitates the communication flow in this participatory smart grid system. Such system can also be linked to the existing community-based landslide early warning system developed in parallel with this system.
Follow up plan for implementation
This smart grid system is now under preparation for the pilot test at Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Prior to and after the pilot test, a psycho-social survey will be carried out to assess the baseline sociocultural conditions of the study area, and also the social response on the implementation of this system.
Evaluation on such conditions is required to enhance the existing design and performance of the smart grid system, prior and after the implementations. Therefore, more appropriate tool to facilitate the landslide monitoring and early warning system can be further performed.
Acknowledgments
This research can be carried out due to the funding provided by the Directorate General of Higher Education- the Indonesian Ministry of National Education. Additional support from the US Department of State’s Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, through the Fulbright Senior Research Program is also acknowledged. We are also grateful to the Department of Geological Sciences at San Diego State University, California, as well as to the Faculty of Engineering of UniversitasGadjahMada for providing the research facilities for this project.